Aeroplane flying-machine.



H. ZIEMSS, Jn.

7 AEROPLANE FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEE. 6 IQHH 1,162,277. Patented Nov. 30, 1915.

' 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1- H. ZIVEMSS, 1R.

AEROPLANE FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 6. 1911.

Patented NOV. 30, 1915. Q

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2- HENRY ZIEMSS, JRJ OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

AEROPLAN FLYING-MACHIN E.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 30, 1915:

Application filed February 6, 1911. Serial No. 606,716,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY ZIEMSS, J r., a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Aeroplane Flying-Machines, of which the following is a specification.

A plane cutting in undisturbed air has greater sustention capacity than one cutting in disturbed air. Because of this fact the forward portion of a flying machine plane is capable of sustaining a greater weight than the-rear portions of the plane.

One of the objects of this invention is to increase the sustention capacity of a plane by so acting upon the body of air disturbed .by a given portion of the plane that said body of air shall be capable of reacting effectively upon the succeeding portion of the plane.

Another object is to provide improved means for steering and braking a flying machine, and for maintaining lateral and longitudinal stability.

A further object is to produce an improved form of standard or post for use in the construction of flying machines.

In the accompanying drawings,.Figure 1 is a top plan view of a flying machine embodying the features of my invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view taken in the plane of dotted line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an-elevation of an improved standard comprised in the present embodiment. Fig. 4 is a section on line 4-4 of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a section through another form of standard.

For the purpose of illustrating the invention I have herein shown a biplane flying machine, although certain features of the invention are equally -ap licable to monoplanes. The planes may e of any suitable width, length, thickness andcurvature. The framework of theplanes may be of any suitable construction, and may be covered with any preferred material. Each plane may be regarded as divided into a suitable number of sections arranged one behind another. In the illustrative. embodiment shown in the drawings, there are three sections, designated 1, 2, 3, each section extending thefull width of the plane, 21. 6., from side to side of the machine. For constructional reasons, each section consists of a plurality of divisions, eight being shown mhthe drawings and designated a b c d e f g Between the sections 1, 2, 3, I provide openings 4 extending entirely through the plane and inclined upwardly and rear- -wardly. Preferably these'openings are relatively narrow and straight, as shown. Preferably the thickness of the rear portion of each section is greater than that of its front portion, as indicated in the drawings. Because of the normally inclined position of the plane, and the wedging cross-sectional form of each section, the air at the upper side of the plane is rarefied and the air at the lower side thereof is compressed. Hence there is a tendency to rarefaction in the openings 4, by reason of which the air disturbed by one section rises immediately after the passage of the section into position to support the succeeding section. The body of air rushing upwardly against such succeeding section exerts a thrust which materially increases the sustention capacity of the plane. Preferably the lower edge of the rear wall 5 of the opening is above the horizontal plane of the front wall 6 of such opening.

Upon either or both surfaces of the plane I provide vanes 7, preferably suitably curved, and each mounted to swing upon an axis 8 so that it can be placed substantially flush with or within theplane or swing to extend at an angle away from the plane. When used upon the upper surface of the plane, each vane 7 is preferably mounted so thatit maybewithdrawn into a space 7 within the plane. To close said space when the vane is erected, the rear and side edges of the vane may, if desired, be connected to the side and rear walls of saidspace by suitable flexible sheet material 7". When extending at an angle to the plane, the vanes upon the forward portion of the upper side of the plane will. cause the forward portion of the plane to tiltdownwardly, whereas erecting the vanes upon the rear portion of the upper side of the plane will cause the forward portion of the plane to tilt upwardly. Swinging a vane into operative position upon the lower side of the plane will cause the portion of the plane on which taneous use of forward vanes on both sides of the plane, or of rear vanes on both sides, will produce a braking effect.

It will be seen that the vanes 7 constitute means for maintaining or altering lateral and longitudinal balance, and for vertically steering the machine, thus dispensing with the forward elevator heretofore commonly used, and thereby rendering the machine more compact.

As shown in the drawings, the vanes 7 may be arranged in staggered relation upon the planes, 2116., the vanes of" one lateral row alternating with those of the succeeding lateral row. The vanes 7 may be placed upon the upper side of the plane at any desired point lengthwise (foreand aft) of the plane. When lower vanes are used with a plane having openings, as 4, therein, said lower vanes. are preferably placed adjacent to the forward edge of a given section, or, in other words, immediately behind an opening 4, in which position they receive the upward thrust of the body of air, caused by the flow through the opening. The vanes may be adapted for use as propellers.

I have deemed it unnecessary to illustrate cables and levers for operating the vanes 7 since any suitable arrangement of such operating devices may be employed.

I have provided an improved form of post or bar for use in'the construction of'aeroplanes and' for connecting together the 5 lanes of a biplane machine. ,Said post or ar consists of a strip of wood, sheet metal" or other suitable material, slit longitudinally throughout the greater part of its, length to e as spars for the wings 7.

provide two or more. portions 9 99. The

midportions' of these longitudinal portions 45 9 9 are then separated and held apartby a strut of .any suitable character, as 10 10.

.A trussed'bar or post is thus-formed which is very light, strong and rigid. The ends of the bar or post may be reinforced, if desired, bycleats 11. ,The posts may be'used I cla m as my invention:

1. An aeroplane comprising a plurality of transverse sections, and a vane s'wingingly attached to the front edge of the lower surface-of each of saidsections, said aeroplane having an opening between said sections -in' the rear of each of said vanes.

2. An aeroplane divided into a plurality of sections and having rearwardly and upwardly inclined slots between ad acent sections, for the purpose set forth, said slots extending transversely of the plane.

3. An aeroplane comprising a plurality vof hollow sections, eachsection being of greater .lower surface thereof immediatel tached to the plane upon the lower surface,

thereof immediately behind said opening.

5. An aeroplane flying machine having a trussed member consisting of a strip slotted longitudinally throughout the greater pertion of its length, to form a plurality of longitudinal portions united at their ends,

- and a strut interposed between the midportions of said longitudinal portions.

6. In an aeroplane flying machine, a plane,

and a plurality of rows of vanes pivoted on transverse axes, the individual vanes of the different rows being staggered with relation to each, other.

7. In an aeroplane, a plurality of transverse vanes swingingly attached to theunder surface of said plane, said aeroplane having an opening therethrough in the rear of each of said vanes, the walls of said openings being inclined rearwardly and upwardly.

8. In an aeroplane flying machine, a plane having a rearwardly and upwardly inclined opening extending therethrough, and a vane swingingly attached to the lane upon the upper surface thereof in advance of said opening.

9. In an aeroplane flying machine, a planeopening extending therethrough, a vane swingingly attached to the plane upon the behind said opening, and a vane swingingly attached to the upper surface of the plane in advance of said opening.

10. an aeroplane flying machine, a plane having a plurality of transverse sections and having a rearwardly and upwardly extending opening therethrough between the adja:

cent forward and rear edges of said sections, the forward edge of each section being of less thickness than the rear edge of the next preceding section, and a-vane pivotally attached, to the lower surface of the plane immediately behind said opening.

11: In an aeroplane flying machine, a plane, and a plurality of rows of vanes extending transversely of the machine and pivoted to onesurface of said plane intermediate the forward and rear edges of the plane, the axes of said vanes extending transversely of the machine. 1

12. In an aeroplane flying machine, a planehaving top and bottom surfaces providing a hollow sfiace between them, said plane having a wa ed slot extending therethrough from said top to said bottom surface, said slot being inclined rearwardly and upwardly and being adapted to permit the thicker at the forward edge of said opening o passage of air from beneath the plane upthan at the rear edge thereof. 1)

wardly through the slot to a point above the In testimony whereof I aflix my signature plane for the purpose set forth. in presence of two witnesses.

5 13. In an aeroplane flying machine; a HENRY ZIEMSS, JR.

plane having a rearwardly and upwardly in- Witnesses: elined opening extending therethrough for PAUL R. WIOK,

the purpose set forth, said plane being A. F. HAMMA N. 

